Production is the process of extracting the hydrocarbons and separating the mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, gas, water, and solids, removing the constituents that are non-saleable, and selling the liquid hydrocarbons and gas. Production sites often handle crude oil from more than one well.

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Crude oil and Natural gas

 

Crude Oil

Crude Oil is a complex mixture consisting of up to 200 or more different organic compounds, mostly hydrocarbons. Different crude contain different combinations and concentrations of these various compounds

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Exploration and Drilling 
 

The main components of the drilling rig are the Derrick, Floor, Drawworks, Drive and Mud Handling. The control and power can be hydraulic or electric.

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BELVEDER CONCENTRATION IS  ON  THE REMOVAL AND TREATMENT OF MUD.

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The mud enters though the drill pipe, through the cone and rises in the uncompleted well. The Mud serves several purposes: • Bring rock shales (fragments of rock) up to the surface • Clean and Cool the cone • Lubricate the drill pipe string and Cone • Fibrous particles attach to the well surface to bind solids • Mud weight should balance the downhole pressure to avoid leakage of gas and oil. Often, the well will drill though smaller pockets of hydrocarbons which may cause “a blow out” if the mud weight cannot balance the pressure. The same might happen when drilling into the main reservoir.

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Storage

 

On most production sites, the oil and gas is piped directly to a refinery or tanker terminal. Gas is difficult to store locally, but occasionally underground mines, caverns or salt deposits can be used to store gas.

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Natural Gas
 

The natural gas used by consumers is composed almost entirely of methane. However, natural gas found at the wellhead, although still composed primarily of 19 methane, is by no means as pure. Raw natural gas comes from three types of wells: oil wells, gas wells, and condensate wells. Natural gas that comes from oil wells is typically termed 'associated gas'. This gas can exist separate from oil in the formation (free gas), or dissolved in the crude oil (dissolved gas). Natural gas from gas and condensate wells, in which there is little or no crude oil, is termed 'non associated gas'. Gas wells typically produce raw natural gas by itself, while condensate wells produce free natural gas along with a semi-liquid hydrocarbon condensate. Whatever the source of the natural gas, once separated from crude oil (if present) it commonly exists in mixtures with other hydrocarbons; principally ethane, propane, butane, and pentanes. In addition, raw natural gas contains water vapor, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide, helium, nitrogen, and other compounds. Natural gas processing consists of separating all of the various hydrocarbons and fluids from the pure natural gas, to produce what is known as 'pipeline quality'dry natural gas. Major transportation pipelines usually impose restrictions on the makeup of the natural gas that is allowed into the pipeline and measure energy content in kJ/kg (also called calorific value or wobbe index).

 

Condensation 

 

While the ethane, propane, butane, and pentanes must be removed from natural gas, this does not mean that they are all 'waste products. In fact, associated hydrocarbons, known as 'natural gas liquids'(NGL) can be very valuable by-products of natural gas processing. NGL include ethane, propane, butane, iso-butane, and natural gasoline. These NGLs are sold separately and have a variety of different uses; raw materials for oil refineries or petrochemical plants, as sources of energy, and for enhancing oil